Portulaca oleracea L., Portulacaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Reject, score: 23 (Go to the risk assessment).

Common name(s): [more details]

Bikol: alusiman

Bontoc: dupdupil

Chamorro: bodulagas, botdolagas, donkulu

Chinese: ma chi xian

English: common purslane, pigweed, purselane, purslane, sun plant, wild purslane, yellow-flowered pigweed

Fijian: taukuka ni vuaka, taukuku ni vuaka

French: pourpier, pourpier potager

Hawaiian: ‘ākulikuli kula, ‘ākulikuli lau li‘i, ‘ihi

Hindi: amlonia

I-Kiribati: te boi

Ifugao: bakbakad

Iloko: ngalug

Japanese: suberihiyu, tonbo-gusa

Mangarevan: pōkea papa‘ā

Maori (Cook Islands): pōkea papa‘ā

Marquesan: pokea

Marshallese: kûrañ, kuran, marmilyan

Nauruan: debois, deboiy

Niuean: kamole

Palauan: bungaruau ra sers

Pangasinan: kantataba

Pukapukan: ongoongo

Samoan: tamole

Satawalese: erkul

Spanish: verdolaga

Tagalog: golasiman, ulasiman

Tahitian: aturi, tatahi

Tokelauan: tamole

Tongan: tamole

Tongarevan (written): katuri

Tuamotuan: pōkea papa‘ā, pokea

Tuvaluan: katuli, luna

Wallisian: tamole

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Prostrate, usually annual herbs; stems 1-2 dm long, profusely branched.  Leaves alternate or subopposite, cuneate to obovate, 10-25 (-40) mm long, 5-15 (-20) mm wide, sessile, with an inconspicuous tuft of hairs ca. 1 mm long in the axil. Flowers 2-6 (-30) in cymose clusters; sepals 3-4 (-8) mm long, keeled; petals (4) 5, yellow, broadly obovate, 3-10 mm long; stamens 7-10 (-15); style (4) 5-branched.  Capsules ca. 4 mm long, circumscissile 1/3-1/2 from base.  Seeds black, glossy, ca. 0.5-0.6 mm in diameter, the surface granulate, cells of the testa with fine tubercles"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1072).

"The fleshy, almost-prostrate, reddish stem with leaves which are broad-rounded at the tips and the capsule which splits open around the middle (circumscisses) are distinguishing characteristics of this species"  (Holm et al., 1977; p. 78).

var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln in Micronesia (Fosberg et al., 1979; p. 74).

Illustration by International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) courtesy Ecoport.

Habitat/ecology:  "Occasional to common in many crops, and in open, disturbed places, particularly in dry, sunny areas near the coast, and is often naturalized in native coastal habitats" (Whistler, 1983; p. 54). "It thrives in cultivated fields and gardens, barren driveways, waste places, and eroded slopes and bluffs up to 2,700 m elevation.  The plant prefers open habitat and, although it thrives in a rich moist soil, it does not grow well on many soil types.  It does not emerge until the soil is very warm" (Holm et al., 1977; pp. 79-80).

In the Gal pagos Islands, "along trails and near habitations" (Wiggins & Porter, 1971; p. 732). In Tonga, "a plantation and waste-area weed" (Yuncker, 1959; p. 112). In New Caledonia, "le pourpier commun, assez courant comme mauvaise herbe dans les jardins, n'est pas planté bien que les feuilles soient parfois consommées. La forme spontanée est largement répandue en arrière-plages, terrains défrichés et endroits rocailleux" (MacKee, 1994; p. 118).  In New Guinea (presumably native), "a persistent weed of cultivation; also often at roadsides, and in natural situations; grassland, savannahs, foreshores. From sea level to 1700 m" (Henty & Pritchard, 1975; p. 142); "common weed of waste places and cultivation, particularly in sandy and dry open conditions.  In New Guinea from sea level to 1800 m"  (Conn, 1995; p. 215).

Propagation:  "The seeds are very small.  The seeds are spread by wind, water, and with the seeds of crops; it is also known also that some birds feed on them.  The fleshy stems will root on contact with the soil, so that fragmentation with tools or machines may lead to movement and increase in plant numbers" (Holm et al., 1977; p. 80).

Native range:  "Nearly cosmopolitan, although presumably native to the Old World" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1072).  "Probably an early European introduction to Polynesia" (Whistler, 1988; p. 9).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 161)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 95)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 161)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1990) Vouchers cited: Harris 79, Harris 99, Yuncker 9279
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 38) Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9279 (BISH), W. Harris 79 (BISH), W. Harris 99 (BISH)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1991) (voucher ID: PTBG 11699) Taxon name on voucher: Portulaca oleracea
American Samoa Swain's Island	Swain's Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A. (1983) (p. 13) Voucher cited: Whistler 3371
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 161)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island	introduced invasive	Setchell, William Albert (1924) (p. 95)
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Lord Howe Island	Lord Howe Island	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 20) "A common weed of open and cultivated ground". Voucher cited: J. Pickard 2853 (NSW)
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Norfolk Islands	Norfolk Island	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 10) "A common weed of open and cultivated ground". Voucher cited: W.R. Sykes NI 187 (CHR)
Chile (offshore islands) Rapa Nui (Easter) Island	Rapa Nui (Easter) Island (Isla de Pasqua)	native	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2008) (p. 28)
Chile (offshore islands) Rapa Nui (Easter) Island	Rapa Nui (Easter) Island (Isla de Pasqua)	probably introduced	Skottsberg, Carl (1953) (p. 80)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island)	introduced invasive	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 556)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Agrigan (Agrihan) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Agrigan (Agrihan) Island	possibly native invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (pp. 24-25) Vouchers cited: Falanruw 2166 (US), Fosberg 31582 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Aguijan (Agiguan, Aguihan) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Alamagan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Alamagan Island	possibly native invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (pp. 24-25) Voucher cited: Fosberg 31642 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Anatahan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Asuncion Island	possibly native	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1977) (p. 29) Voucher cited: Falanruw 3070 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Farallon de Medinilla (Marpi, Medinilla) Island		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Guguan Island	possibly native	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1977) (p. 29) Voucher cited: Falanruw 3101 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Guguan Island	native	Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 30)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Maug Island	possibly native invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (pp. 24-25) Voucher cited: Falanruw 2244 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Maug Island	native	Ohba, T. (1994) (p. 58) Voucher cited: CBM-BS-59145
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	possibly native invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (pp. 24-25) Vouchers cited: Moore 422? (US), Anderson 570 (US), Fosberg 31365 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Sarigan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Sarigan Island	possibly native invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (pp. 24-25) Vouchers cited: Falanruw 1795 (US), Falanruw 1990 (US), Evans 2405 (US, BISH, Fo, NY)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Saipan	Saipan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Española Group	Española Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Española Group	Gardner por Española Islet, Española Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Española Group	Oeste Islet, Española Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Española Group	Osborn Islet, Española Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Fernandina Group	Fernandina Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Floreana Group	Campéon Islet, Floreana Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Floreana Group	Floreana Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Isabela Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcán Cerro Azul, Isabela Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Pinta Group	Pinta Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Pinzón Group	Pinzón Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) San Cristóbal Group	San Cristóbal Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Edeén Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Plaza Norte Islet, Santa Cruz Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Punta Bowditch Norte Islet, Santa Cruz Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Punta Bowditch Sur Islet, Santa Cruz Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Fé Group	Santa Fé Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santiago Group	Santiago Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Wolf Island	Wolf Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Namonuito (Namonweito, Nómwun Wiité) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	native	Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 46) var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln. Voucher cited: Manner & Mallon 234 (GUAM)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Kapingamarangi Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Mokil (Mwokil) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 56) Voucher cited: Takamatsu 1001 (BISH), Glassman 2795 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced invasive	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 124) Voucher cited: S.F. Glassman 2795 (BISH) Naturalized
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Satawal Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1969) (p. 7) Voucher cited: Fosberg 46887 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ulithi Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 277-278) Vouchers cited: Greenwood 468, DA 11535
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 277-278) Vouchers cited: Greenwood 416, DA 10334, DA 10694, DA 10439, DA 11316, DA 17320, DA 10945, DA 11005, DA 11183, DA 3997, DA 2543, DA 11225, DA 16617, DA 11566
French Polynesia Clipperton Island	Clipperton (Arue, Avera) Island	possibly native invasive	Sachet, M.-H. (1962)
French Polynesia Clipperton Island	Clipperton (Arue, Avera) Island		Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 93)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Agakauitai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Agakauitai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 40582) Taxon name on voucher: Portulaca oleracea
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hatuta'a (Hatutu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hatuta'a (Hatutu) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hatuta'a (Hatutu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J.-C. Thibault 1120 (PAP), J. Florence & M. Teikiteetini 9398 (PAP), S.P. Perlman 10081 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hatuta'a (Hatutu) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1988) (voucher ID: PTBG 8316) Taxon name on voucher: Portulaca oleracea
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hatuta'a (Hatutu) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1975) (voucher ID: PTBG 8921) Taxon name on voucher: Portulaca oleracea
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2004) (voucher ID: PTBG 42473) Taxon name on voucher: Portulaca oleracea L.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: K.R. Wood, S.P. Perlman, J.-Y. Meyer & L. Teatiu 6413 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1997) (voucher ID: PTBG 28585) Taxon name on voucher: Portulaca oleracea L.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Bora Bora Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence & R. Tahuaitu 11756 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	possibly native invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 29) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 64804 (US), Fosberg 64910 (US), Fosberg & Sachet 64968 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Raynal 17909 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 10261 (PAP), J. Florence 10324 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 223) Voucher cited: Cartier 216
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: C.L. Cartier 133 (PAP), C.L. Cartier 216 (PAP), C.L. Cartier 318 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 223) Vouchers cited: Moore 112, Moore 360, More 402, BRY 26668
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 223) Voucher cited: Grant 3639
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tupai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Fakarava (Fakarawa, Havaiki) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Hao (Hau) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Moruroa Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Niau Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Rangiroa (Rairoa) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Rangiroa (Rairoa) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 4069 (PAP), J. Florence 10000 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Raro‘ia Atoll	introduced invasive	Meyer, Jean-Yves/Fourdrigniez, Marie (2008) (p. 15) Adventice d'introduction européene.
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takapoto Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takapoto Atoll	native	Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 21)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Tikehau (Tikahau) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Tikehau (Tikahau) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 7098 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Marotiri Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence (legit équipage du Navire SMCB-"Marara") 6448 Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence & W.R. Sykes 11428 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced invasive	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 275) Voucher cited: Stone 3895 (GUAM), Stone 4757 (GUAM)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	French Frigate Shoals	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1072)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1072)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaho‘olawe Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank L. (2006) (p. 13) Voucher cited: Oppenheimer & G. Hansen H80308 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1072)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kure Atoll	introduced invasive	Kennedy, Barbara H./James, Shelley A./Imada, Clyde T. (2010) (pp. 22-23) Voucher cited: D.R. Herbst, C. Corn & C.H. Lamoureux 6261 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1072)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Laysan Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1072)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Laysan Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim (1999) (pp. 10-11) Purslane was found scattered throughout the island in Eragrostis and near the coast.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Ni‘ihau, Lehua Islet	introduced invasive	Wood, K. R./LeGrande, Maya (2006) (p. 27) Voucher cited: Flynn et al. 4856 (BISH, PTBG, US)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1072)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1072)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Nihoa Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1072)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Ni‘ihau Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1072)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1072)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Pearl and Hermes Reef	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim (1999) (p. 20) Southeast Island: Scattered occasionally around the island close to the beach.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Tern Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim (1999) (p. 7) Portulaca spp. "What appears to be Portulaca lutea was observed near the end of runway. What was believed to be Portulaca oleracea and potentially a hybrid between the two (P. lutea x P. oleracea) was common most everywhere else. For plants that did not have flowers, we were unable to determine the species, but we lumped them all anyway".
Japan (offshore islands) Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced	Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
Japan (offshore islands) Minami Tori Shima (Marcus) Island	Minami Tori Shima (Marcus) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Kiribati Line Islands	Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll	introduced invasive	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 22)
Kiribati Line Islands	Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll	introduced invasive	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 22)
Kiribati Line Islands	Teraina (Washington) Island	introduced invasive	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 22)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Enderbury Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 46) Voucher cited: Fosberg & Stoddart 54746 (US, HAW, K)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Kanton Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 46) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 30881 (US), Fosberg 30209 (US), Degener & Hatheway 21283, Fosberg ≈ Stoddart 54817 (US, HAW, K), Fosberg & Stoddart 54883 (US, HAW, K), Fosberg & Stoddart 54907 (US, HAW, K), Fosberg 55737 (US, BISH, K)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Kanton Island	introduced	Luomala, Katharine (1951) (p. 172) Voucher cited: Luomala 30
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Manra (Sydney) Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 46) Vouchers cited: Fosberg & Stoddart 54871 (US, HAW, K), Fosberg & Stoddart 55711 (US, HAW, K)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Nikumaroro (Gardner) Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 46) Vouchers cited: Long 2501 (US), Fosberg 55754 (US, BISH, K), Fosberg 55760 (US)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Orona (Hull) Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 46) Voucher cited: Fosberg & Stoddart 54817 (US, HAW, K)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Abemama Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 13) Voucher: Imada 2003-133 (BISH 697745)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Butaritari Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Butaritari Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 13)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Maiana Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 13)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Marakei Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Nonouti Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Onotoa Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 13)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1972) (voucher ID: PTBG 32622) Taxon name on voucher: Portulaca oleracea
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Bikini (Pikinni) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Enewetak (Ãnewetak, Eniwetok) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Enewetak (Ãnewetak, Eniwetok) Atoll	introduced	St. John, Harold (1960) (p. 527) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 24408, Fosberg 24296, St. John 23785, St. John 23786, St. John 23834, St. John 23850
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Enewetak (Ãnewetak, Eniwetok) Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 10) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 24296 (US), Fosberg 24408 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 17) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 26708 (BISH), Fosberg 39433 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kili (Kõle) Atoll	introduced invasive cultivated	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2006) (p. 11) "Uncommon; wild form with small flowers around houses and in ruderal areas, decorative form with large showy flowers as potted plant around a few homes".
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 62) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 39501, Herbst 9000, Whistler 11258
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 10) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 26491 (US), Fosberg 26500 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1998) (voucher ID: PTBG 47253) Taxon name on voucher: Portulaca oleracea
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Rongelap (Roñlap) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujae Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujae Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 10) Voucher cited: Fosberg 34308 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Wotho (Wõtto) Atoll		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	introduced invasive	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 11) "Locally common; only observed in Reimers' farm, especially in recently cleared areas in a way similarly observed in farms of Laura village, Majuro; since the farm on Arno is run in close association with the Taiwan farm which supplies materials and seedlings, this species could have been introduced with such things".
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced invasive	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 116) Also var. "Wildfire", cultivated.
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced	St. John, Harold (1951) (p. 282)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Mili (Mile) Atoll	introduced invasive	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2010) (p. A19) Rare; small plant by house near oceanside, Mili.
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Toke (Taka) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Toke (Taka) Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 10) Voucher cited: Fosberg 33742 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Wotje (Wõjjã) Atoll	probably native	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 27)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced invasive	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 183) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 58624 (US), Fosberg 58734 (US), Thaman & Manner 4 (SUVA)
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Îles Loyauté (Loyalty Islands)	introduced invasive	Tassin, Jacques (2005)
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Lifou	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 118) Voucher cited: Däniker 2435 (Z)
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Îles Ouvéa (Ouvea Atoll)	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 118) Voucher cited: Däniker 2860 (Z)
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Tiga	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 118) Voucher cited: MacKee 45895
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive	Tassin, Jacques (2005)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 118) Vouchers cited: Balansa 2397, Däniker 733 (Z), Däniker 1154 (Z), Däniker 1181 (Z), MacKee 40396, MacKee 40436
New Zealand (offshore islands) Kermadec Islands	Kermadec Islands	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 991) "Stony waste land, cultivated land, crops and gardens".
New Zealand (offshore islands) Kermadec Islands	Raoul Island	introduced invasive	Sykes, W. R. (1977) (p. 131)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 171) Voucher cited: CHR 168705
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 34)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A./Atherton, J. (1997) (p. 43)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 53) Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9940 (BISH), Yuncker 10122 (BISH) "A common weed in waste areas and plantations".
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 46)
Palau Hatohobei Group	Tobi Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Palau Hatohobei Group	Tobi Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 110)
Palau Hatohobei Group	Tobi Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1968) (voucher ID: BNM 624) Taxon name on voucher: Portulaca oleracea L.
Palau Kayangel Atoll	Kayangel Islet	introduced invasive	Miles, Joel (2015) (p. 2) ref cites other taxa as "Cultivated," but not this one, so implication is that this taxon was found in a non-cultivated situation (PT@PhilipT.com/20170602)
Palau Kayangel Atoll	Ngeriungs Islet	introduced invasive	Miles, Joel (2015)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Angaur (Ngeaur) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 74-75) Var. granulato-stellulata v. Poelln.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Angaur (Ngeaur) Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 104)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 65)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Kayangel (Ngcheangel) Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 105)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Kayangel (Ngcheangel) Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 65) Voucher: Lorence 9776 (PTBG, BISH, BNM, NY, TAMU, US)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Kayangel (Ngcheangel) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2008) (voucher ID: PTBG 68) Taxon name on voucher: Portulaca oleracea
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 98)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngercheu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 108) Carp Resort
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngercheu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 65) Carp Resort
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Peleliu (Beliliou) Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 106)
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago	invasive	Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 176) Common weed, often on sandy or sterile soil. Used as a pot-herb.
Papua New Guinea Bougainville Islands	Bougainville Island		Foreman, D. B. (1971) (p. 54)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	invasive	Henty, E. E./Pritchard, G. H. (1975) (p. 142) From sea level to 1700 m.
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)		Waterhouse, D. F. (1997) (p. 64)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	Conn, Barry J., ed. (1995) (p. 215)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, D. F. (1994) (p. 209)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	invasive	Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 136) A common weed in the settled areas.
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 346-348)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 10766 (PAP) Adventice
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Western Samoa Islands		Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 34)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 95)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 102)
Tokelau Tokelau Islands	Tokelau Islands		Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (p. 95)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Tofua Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 57) Voucher cited: Scarth-Johnson 82
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 112) "Common throughout Tonga".
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 112) Vouhcer cited: Yuncker 15465
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 112) Vouchers cited: Hülimann 43, Yuncker 15051
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Late Island	introduced	Sykes, W. R. (1981) (p. 350)
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 112) Cited: Crosby.
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island		Burkill, I. H. (1900) (p. 27)
Tuvalu Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands	Tuvalu Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 95)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Baker Island	Baker Island	introduced invasive	Christophersen, Erling (1927) (pp. 70, 78) Scattered throughout the interior. Voucher cited: Christophersen 25
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Johnston Atoll	Johnston Island	introduced invasive	Amerson, A. Binion, Jr./Shelton, Philip C. (1976) (p. 55)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Eastern Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-12)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Midway Atoll	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1072)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Sand Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-12)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Spit Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-12)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Palmyra Atoll	Palmyra Atoll		Rock, J. F. C. (1916) (p. 50)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Palmyra Atoll	Palmyra Atoll	introduced invasive	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 22)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Palmyra Atoll	Palmyra Atoll	introduced invasive	Christophersen, Erling (1927) (pp. 74, 78)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced	Christophersen, E. (1931) (p. 12) Voucher cited: Pollock (and Cheatham) 40
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1959) (p. 13) Voucher cited: Fosberg 33620
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1969) (p. 9) Voucher cited: Sachet 868 (US)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 10) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 33620 (US), Fosberg 34481 (US)
Vanuatu New Hebrides Islands	Vanuatu (Republic of)		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 95)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis (‘Uvea) Island	introduced invasive	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2007) (p. 37)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis and Futuna Islands		Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 34)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (pp. 81-82)
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, D. F. (1994) (p. 209)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Costa Rica (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 291-292)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	El Salvador (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (pp. 81-83)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Guatemala (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (pp. 81-83)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Honduras (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 291-292)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Nicaragua (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (pp. 81-83)
China China	China (People's Republic of)		Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) "Cultivation, disturbed urban sites".
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced invasive	Li-ying, Li/Ren, Wang/Waterhouse, D. F. (1997) (pp. 174, 179)
China China	Hong Kong	native	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 79)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, D. F. (1994) (p. 209)
Japan Japan	Japan	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (pp. 81-83)
South Korea South Korea	South Korea (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 291-292)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, D. F. (1994) (p. 209)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (pp. 81-83)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 991) "Stony waste land, cultivated land, crops and gardens".
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, D. F. (1994) (p. 209)
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 72) Naturalised
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Chile (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (pp. 81-83)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Colombia	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (pp. 81-83)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Perú (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (pp. 81-83)
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (pp. 81-83)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, D. F. (1994) (p. 209)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, D. F. (1994) (p. 209)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 19)
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (pp. 37, 39) On both main atoll and North Keeling Island.
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	native	Williams, D. G. (1994) (p. 23)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island		Stoddart, D. R./Taylor, J. D., eds. (1971) (p. 150) Voucher cited: Stoddart 890 (K, US)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. Arthur (1996) (p. 29)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1995) (voucher ID: PTBG 38076) Taxon name on voucher: Portulaca oleracea L.
Maldives Maldive Islands	Malè Atoll		Fosberg, F. R. (1957) (p. 18) Voucher cited: Fosberg 36847 (US)
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Mauritius Island	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (pp. 81-83)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Agalega Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Stoddart, D. R. (1983) (p. 134) Vouchers cited: Dupont AG/12 (MAU), Stoddart 7293 (US)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Coetivy Island		Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 154) Voucher cited: Robertson 3137 (K)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Cousin Island	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 25) Voucher cited: Fosberg 52079 (US)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	D'Arros Island		Stoddart, D. R./Coe, M. J./Fosberg, F. R. (1979) (p. 21) Voucher cited: Stoddart 7200 (US)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Desnoeufs Island		Wilson, J. R. (1983) (p. 210)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Frégate Island		Robertson, S. A./Todd, D. M. (1983) (p. 59) Voucher cited: Robertson 2728
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Marie-Louise Island		Wilson, J. R. (1983) (p. 194)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Platte Island		Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 163) Voucher cited: Robertson 3033 (K)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Poivre Island		Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 173) Voucher cited: Robertson 2339 (K)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	St. Joseph Island		Stoddart, D. R./Coe, M. J./Fosberg, F. R. (1979) (p. 45) Voucher cited: Stoddart 7177 (US)

Comments:  The plant is edible (Stone, 1970; p. 275).

Control: 

Biological:  "No attempts have been made to introduce natural enemies for the biological control of P. oleracea.  However, the weevil Hypurus bertrandi has made its way, unaided, from France to USA and the sawfly Schizocerella pilicornis from the Americas to eastern Australia.  There are no reports on any attack by either species in their new regions on plants other than P. oleracea"  (Waterhouse, 1993, p. 102).  Waterhouse also lists other natural enemies that may be prospective biological control agents and outlines the biology of the major ones (pp. 97-105).